Sunday, December 15, 2013

What should I pack for a ski/snow vacation?

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Charlie B


I'm wondering what I'll need to pack for a weeklong ski vacation at the end of the year. I am renting my skis (and maybe a snowboard too) and have a warm hat, jacket, and scarf, but what else will I need to remember to bring?


Answer
The key thing to remember when packing clothes for a ski or snowboard vacation is this: layer, layer, layer.

You don't want to be wearing a bulky sweater or jacket, only to find that you're a little too warm but can't take it off because you only have a t-shirt underneath. Therefore, you want to bring lots of thin, warm layers that you can peel on and off as necessary. As an added bonus, this means your suitcase will probably be a little less jam-packed! Thin long-sleeved t-shirts are easier to pack and fold than big bulky sweaters.

So clothes-wise, count on a good thermal undershirt to start (these days, they're made of out super-thin microfiber material, rather than bulky waffle-weave), some t-shirts and long-sleeved tops than you can wear on top of one another, a fleece or two (no wool -- no fun when it gets wet!), and a fairly light but warm and waterproof jacket (snow is slippery and you can bet it will creep in EVERYWHERE if you fall). You'll also need ski pants -- which should definitely be waterproof -- and perhaps a pair of long johns to wear underneath them (I've heard of girls wearing tights or leggings, which would also work for that extra layer.) You'll need some thick, warm socks (at least one pair a day), a hat to cover your ears, and some goggles or sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sun and snow. (You said you already had a scarf, which you may or may not need, given on how far up you zip your jacket!) Finally, you'll need some good strong waterproof gloves (no wool mittens!)

That's the clothes -- you should also remember to bring (and wear!) sunscreen on the slopes (snow reflects light, and you can certainly get a burn even if it looks overcast out). Keep yourself hydrated, and tuck your cash and ID into a small zipped pocket on the inside of your jacket. I never think it's a very good idea to bring iPods or cameras on the slopes (too much liability), but some newer snowboarding jackets do actually have special protected pockets for these items, if you're adamant that you need them.

Off the slopes, you'll want comfy clothes, a good book to read, and maybe some Ben-Gay for your aching muscles!

Hope this helps -- have a wonderful ski holiday, and please do check back if you need more details.

--Holly

How do geologists record information?




Bad Wolf


When working in the field, how do geologists record information?
So do they write it in a field journal and do they include sketches of the items that they are looking at? How much information do they include while they are writing down information?

~Thanks~



Answer
It all depends on what you are trying to record. I often carry a field notebook like one of these:
http://minerox.com/index.cfm?category=4
Its sturdy, waterproof, has graph paper, and opens at the top which I prefer. I carry it in a field notebook case like one of these http://www.innermountainoutfitters.com/lost-creek-survey-pouch/ so I can carry colored pencils, a grain size ruler, a scale, and often a topo map (although I generally have a GPS like this with me: https://buy.garmin.com/en-US/US/on-the-trail/handhelds/gpsmap-62sc/prod89556.html ( I also have a Montana model that takes photos but don't like it that much).

However, probably my second most useful tool is a camera. Now I carry a Nikon D800 because the large 32 Megapixel images can easily be blown up and cropped. It is sort of like having a hand lens with a recording of the image. One of my favorites in the past was a Polaroid Izone (no longer made). http://www.retrothing.com/2006/06/polaroid_izone_.html That camera made instant photos with adhesive backs so I could paste them in my field book.

Sketches are great, but not so much because they are a record, as because to make a sketch you are forced to observe. I make the sketch and then take the photo. Even taking good photos requires careful observation.

Now I sometimes carry a LIDAR, a laptop computer, and gasoline generator to power the whole setup. Yes, I carry all that in a backpack, and sometimes for many miles. The LIDAR records huge amounts of data, but I still have to record where my stations are located with a GPS so I can correlate everything later.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidar
http://powerequipment.honda.com/generators/models/eu1000i

If I am measuring section I carry a Jacob staff with a Brunton.
http://www.brunton.com/products/international-pocket-transit-0-90
I have a Jacob Staff made by a small machine shop in Texas that holds the Brunton. Here is one similar to mine: http://www.ascscientific.com/level.html I record the distance each time I move the staff, or each time the facies changes, and record a facies description with as much detail as possible, gathering a sample of each representative facies for later thin section petrography.

If I am water sampling for a dye trace I carry an entirely different set of tools. I need to record stream depths and flow rates so I have a tool for that and carry a 100 ft tape measure. I record time and streamflow and the lat/long of each of my dye receptors. I record pH with a pH meter and I record water temperature and time taken. I have to gather dye receptors daily so this can be a lot of work. Each dye receptor needs a record and needs to be labeled. At the end of the day I run my field fluorophotometer, using a car battery for power, and run my analyses. All the results and procedures followed need to be recorded.

I still carry a Pomeroy core drill, powered by gasoline. http://www.ascscientific.com/drills.html I am considering switching to electric drills but so far the electric drills don't have the staying power to last a full day in field for me. I record where the core is taken, describe the rock around it, make a sketch if I have time, and take photos. I may need to measure a section and record all the stratigraphic detail, or study the structural detail , to be able to place my core results in a meaningful context.

I also record a short diary in my field book, keeping in mind that it will likely be read by someone later. I record the weather, times I get up and go to bed, distance I walked, and odd events that I will later use to jog my memory about the day. I record where I meet up with rattlesnakes and bears and often what sort of wildlife or plants I observed. All of this becomes useful a couple of years later when trying to recall the project. I often end up copying my field book to give to other researchers that continue on the project.




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